What is Circuit?

 A closed path that permits the flow of electrical current is referred to as a circuit. As is common knowledge, electrical current flows from positive to negative, beginning at the positive terminal of the battery and ending at the negative terminal. This means that current needs a continuous path from positive to negative, which could be a wire or any other electrical component. Current cannot flow through a path that is not closed or that has a few damaged components that cause the loop to open.





Major Components in Circuit

1. Energy Source (Battery, Solar, AC Plugs);

2. Load – Device which uses the electricity like LED or Light Bulbs

3. Connecting Wires – To make the path between battery and Loads

4. Switches – Used to Control the current Flow like how we are using Valve in Water Tape.

Open Circuit:

 As we all know, a circuit needs to have a closed path to carry current, but in this case, if the circuit is improperly connected or if a wire is damaged between the battery and the load, the circuit is said to be open. This indicates that the circuit won't function since the path of current flow is not closed



Short Circuit

Short circuits occur when we Accidently connect the power source's positive and negative lines at any point. In most cases, connecting the positive and negative will result in the production of smoke or intense heat. In our homes and on the industrial scale, we use fuses primarily to prevent short circuits.


Activity: - 1 – Simple LED Circuit

            Let's create a simple led circuit in Tinkercad to better comprehend how electrical circuits function and investigate real-world examples of open and short circuits.

Components Required: -

1.      Battery 9V

2.      LED

3.      Resistor 470 Ohm

Connection Procedure:-

1.      Select and arrange the aforementioned components in your circuit area.

2.      Rotate the battery and other parts as shown in the illustration below.

3.      Flip the positive and negative terminals by mirroring the led.

4.      Wire will be used to connect all of these components; to activate it, keep the cursor on the component's edge.

5.      Attach the battery wire to the terminal of the resistor first (resistor in non-polarized device we can select any terminal for this connection).

6.      Verify that the resistor value has been changed to 470 ohm. To modify the value of the resistor, click on the pop-up menu that appears in the top left corner of the circuit area. Change the value and choose an omega-style symbol without a prefix.

7.      Next, attach a wire to the anode (Positive) of the LED using the resistor's second terminal. Anode (positive) refers to the slightly bent pin, and cathode to the straight pin (Negative).

8.      Hold the cursor over the terminal where you can see the name of the terminal displayed above to identify it.

9.      Finally, attach the negative wires from the LEDs cathode to the negative terminal of the battery.

10.  When the circuit connections are complete, we may start the simulation and view the results on the same screen.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM